2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English (10 points)
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Text It’s true that high school coding bootcamps are 1., but it’s also true that there are worrisome shortages of skilled tech workers. The Obama administration made computer science a core academic subject in K-12 education, and 2. the "Computer Science for All" initiative. The current administration 3. that effort. The idea is to 4. more students to computer science, not just those who are 5. to become professional programmers. But 6. this push for "Computer Science for All," a heated debate has 7. about the value of the curriculum, with critics 8. that it's too difficult and may 9. less interested students. Another concern is the 10. of qualified teachers to meet the growing demand.
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A) expensive B) popular 编程训练营很流行，但同时也存在技术工人短缺的问题，这里需要一个与“短缺”形成对比的词。“流行”与“短缺”可以并存，而“昂贵”和“拥挤”则不能直接构成这种对比逻辑。 答案：B) popular
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A) launched B) proposed C) visualized D) undertaken 前文提到奥巴马政府将计算机科学设为核心课程，接下来应该是“启动”了“全民计算机科学”计划。
launch（发起，启动）最符合语境。 答案：A) launched -
A) continues B) suspends C) revises D) terminates 空格处需要一个动词，描述“当前政府”对“前政府努力”的态度。
continues（继续）是积极延续；terminates（终止）是消极否定，后文提到“The idea is to...”，表明这项政策仍在继续，因此continues最合适。 答案：A) continues
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A) confine B) attract C) adapt D) transfer 根据后文“not just those who are...”，可知目的是“吸引”更多学生，而不是限制。
attract（吸引）最贴切。 答案：B) attract -
A) obliged B) destined C) committed D) likely 此处指那些“注定”或“打算”成为专业程序员的学生。
destined to（注定成为）语气较强，符合语境。 答案：B) destined -
A) despite B) beyond C) through D) along “尽管”有“全民计算机科学”的推动，但仍有争议。
despite（尽管，虽然）表示转折关系，符合逻辑。 答案：A) despite -
A) emerged B) vanished C) persisted D) floated 随着推动，一场“激烈的辩论”出现了。
emerged（浮现，出现）最符合。 答案：A) emerged
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A) arguing B) revealing C) stating D) declaring 批评者们“争论”说课程太难。
arguing（争论，主张）最准确。 答案：A) arguing -
A) drive B) diminish C) discourage D) disturb 课程太难可能会“打击”或“使……气馁”那些兴趣不高的学生。
discourage（使气馁，阻止）是最佳选择。 答案：C) discourage -
A) availability B) capability C) proficiency D) efficiency 缺少的是“有资格的教师”来满足“需求”。
availability（可获得性，可用性）指“有没有”，而capability（能力）和proficiency（熟练程度）指“行不行”，这里主要是指数量上的短缺，即“有资格的教师是否充足”。 答案：A) availability
Section II Reading Comprehension (50 points)
Part A (40 points)
Text 1 主题： 艺术史家对文艺复兴时期艺术的研究方法。 文章大意： 传统艺术史家认为文艺复兴时期的艺术是对古典艺术的复兴，但作者提出，当时的人们并不认为自己在“复兴”过去，而是将其视为一个充满活力的、可供借鉴的“过去”，用“复兴”一词来定义这一时期是一种误导。
The traditional art historians mentioned in the text tend to think that Renaissance art___. A) originated from a misunderstanding of the classical art B) was the earliest incarnation of modern art C) was a deliberate revival of classical traditions D) owed little to the classical art 解析： 根据第一段，传统观点认为文艺复兴时期的艺术是“a deliberate revival of classical antiquity”（对古典传统的有意复兴），C选项是对此的同义转述。 答案：C
The author argues that the term "Renaissance" is misleading because___. A) it fails to recognize the unique contribution of the Renaissance B) it overlooks the continuous existence of classical art C) it implies a disconnection between the Renaissance and the Middle Ages D) it exaggerates the break between the Renaissance and the classical period 解析： 作者认为，当时的人们并不认为自己在“复兴”一个已经逝去的时代，而是将古典艺术视为一个“活生生”的过去。“复兴”（rebirth）这个词暗示了一个断裂，即与中世纪的断裂，以及对古典时期的“重新开始”，这不符合历史事实，C选项准确概括了这一核心论点。 答案：C
What can be inferred from the text about the people in the Renaissance? A) They were more concerned with the present than with the past. B) They had a different perspective on the classical art from modern people. C) They believed the classical art was superior to their own. D) They were unaware of the existence of classical art. 解析： 文章提到，当时的人们认为古典艺术是“一个充满活力的过去”，而现代人则认为它是一个“遥远的、已逝的过去”，这表明他们对古典艺术的看法与现代人不同，B选项正确。 答案：B
Text 2 主题： 美国最高法院对专利法的裁决及其影响。 文章大意： 最高法院最近的一系列裁决限制了商业方法专利和软件专利的范围，认为许多这类创新只是“抽象的想法”，不能获得专利保护，这导致大量专利诉讼被驳回，风险投资也变得更加谨慎，这种做法可能会抑制创新，因为不确定性增加,公司难以判断自己的创意是否可专利化。
What is the recent trend in the U.S. patent system? A) A growing number of patents are being invalidated. B) The number of patent applications has been decreasing. C) More and more companies are investing in patents. D) The Supreme Court is encouraging patent applications. 解析： 文章开头指出，最高法院的裁决“have made it harder for patent holders to enforce their rights”（让专利持有人更难行使其权利），并导致“a flood of patent litigation was dismissed”（大量专利诉讼被驳回），这直接指向A选项“越来越多的专利被宣告无效”。 答案：A
What is the impact of the Supreme Court's rulings on the tech industry? A) It has boosted investment in innovative startups. B) It has increased the uncertainty for tech companies. C) It has led to a surge in patent applications. D) It has made tech companies more cautious in innovation. 解析： 文章提到，这些裁决“have created a degree of uncertainty that has made investors cautious”（制造了一种不确定性，使投资者变得谨慎），B选项准确地描述了这种影响。 答案：B
What might be the consequence of limiting software patents? A) It would hinder technological progress. B) It would encourage more abstract ideas. C) It would reduce the number of patent lawsuits. D) It would make patents more valuable. 解析： 文章结尾处指出，这种限制“could ultimately stifle innovation”（最终可能会抑制创新），因为公司无法确定自己的创意是否可专利化，A选项“阻碍技术进步”是对“抑制创新”的同义转述。 答案：A
Text 3 主题： 对“标准普尔500指数”作为美国经济晴雨表的质疑。 文章大意： 本文是一篇非常典型的评论性文章，作者指出，标准普尔500指数主要由少数几家巨型科技公司的股价驱动，并不能真实反映美国经济的全貌，美国经济由数百万家小企业构成，而这些企业的表现与股市表现脱节,用股市来判断经济健康状况是具有误导性的。
What is the author's main argument about the S&P 500? A) It is a reliable indicator of the U.S. economy. B) It is heavily influenced by a few large tech companies. C) It has failed to predict economic downturns. D) It is less volatile than other stock indices. 解析： 文章的核心论点在第二段就点明：“The S&P 500 is not the economy”（标普500不是经济），后文解释说，它主要由少数几家大公司驱动，而美国经济是由小企业构成的，B选项“它深受少数几家大型科技公司的影响”是支撑作者核心论点的关键事实。 答案：B
Why does the author mention the U.S. economy's composition? A) To show that the S&P 500 is representative of the whole economy. B) To argue that the economy is dominated by large corporations. C) To highlight the disconnect between the stock market and the real economy. D) To explain why small businesses are more important than large ones. 解析： 作者提到美国经济由“27 million small businesses”（2700万家小企业）构成，而标普500指数主要由“a handful of massive tech companies”（少数几家巨型科技公司）驱动，这种对比是为了说明股市与实体经济之间存在脱节，C选项准确概括了作者的意图。 答案：C
What does the author imply about the media's coverage of the stock market? A) It often exaggerates the stock market's importance. B) It provides accurate data for investors. C) It focuses too much on small businesses. D) It fails to report economic downturns. 解析： 作者认为用标普500来代表经济是“misleading”（具有误导性的），媒体在报道股市时，常常将其与经济状况等同起来，这实际上是在夸大股市的重要性，A选项“它常常夸大股市的重要性”是作者的言外之意。 答案：A
What can be concluded from the text? A) The stock market is always ahead of the real economy. B) Investors should rely solely on the S&P 500 for investment decisions. C) The S&P 500 is a poor measure of the U.S. economic health. D) Large tech companies are the backbone of the U.S. economy. 解析： 这是全文的结论题，作者从头到尾都在论证标普500不能代表美国经济，用它来衡量经济状况是“poor measure”（糟糕的指标），C选项是对全文主旨的最好总结。 答案：C
Text 4 主题： 对“大数据”时代的批判性反思。 文章大意： 本文同样是高难度评论文章，作者指出，“大数据”时代充满了关于数据价值的夸张宣传，我们被海量数据淹没，但真正有价值的信息却很少，更危险的是，我们可能正在失去“小数据”（small data）的重要性，即通过直接观察和亲身经历获得的、有深度的信息,过度依赖数据可能导致我们失去常识和批判性思维。
What is the author's attitude towards the "big data" era? A) Supportive. B) Indifferent. C) Critical. D) Optimistic. 解析： 作者在文中使用了“the hype”（炒作）、“the danger lies in...”（危险在于……）、“we risk losing……”（我们冒着……的风险）等词汇，对“大数据”时代持明确的批判态度。 答案：C
What does the author say about "small data"? A) It is more valuable than big data in certain contexts. B) It is being replaced by big data in research. C) It is too subjective to be useful. D) It is only relevant for personal experiences. 解析： 作者认为，在理解复杂的人类行为时，“small data”（来自直接观察的数据）比“big data”更有价值，通过观察人们如何使用咖啡机，比分析数百万条搜索数据更能揭示其使用习惯，这表明在某些情况下，小数据更有价值，A选项正确。 答案：A
What is the danger of relying too much on data? A) It may lead to a lack of common sense. B) It may result in the loss of privacy. C) It may make people overconfident in technology. D) It may cause information overload. 解析： 文章倒数第二段明确指出：“the danger lies in our eagerness to see everything as data. We risk losing the ability to understand the world through direct observation and personal experience.”（危险在于我们急于将一切视为数据，我们冒着失去通过直接观察和亲身经历来理解世界的能力的风险。）这直接等同于失去常识和判断力，A选项是最佳概括。 答案：A
What is the author's main concern in the text? A) The potential misuse of personal data. B) The decline of human intuition in the data age. C) The overwhelming amount of data available. D) The technical limitations of data analysis. 解析： 本文的核心关切是，在数据时代，人类可能过度依赖数据，从而丧失了直觉、常识和通过直接观察理解世界的能力，B选项“数据时代人类直觉的衰退”精准地抓住了作者的忧虑。 答案：B
What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A) Data should be used as a supplement to human judgment. B) Big data will eventually replace small data. C) The future belongs to those who can master data analysis. D) Direct observation is no longer a valid research method. 解析： 最后一段总结道，我们需要“a balance between data and human judgment”（数据与人类判断之间的平衡），这暗示数据不应取代人类判断，而应作为一种补充，A选项可以从这句话中推断出来。 答案：A
Part B (10 points)
Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 36-40, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been placed for you. (10 points)
文章主题： 常识”（common sense）的讨论。
段落大意：
- A: 引出话题，指出常识看似简单，实则复杂,它根植于特定的文化和时代。
- B: 举例说明常识的相对性，比如在不同文化中，对“合适的”社交距离的理解不同。
- C: 提出问题：在信息爆炸的时代,我们是否比以往任何时候都更需要常识？
- D: 强调常识的重要性,并呼吁培养这种能力。
- F: 指出常识不仅仅是知识，更是一种判断力,一种在复杂情境中做出明智决策的能力。
正确顺序： A (引出主题，定义常识的复杂性) F (进一步阐释常识的本质是判断力) B (举例说明常识的文化相对性) C (提出在当代社会背景下对常识的思考) D (总结全文,强调常识的价值)
答案： 36. A 37. F 38. B 39. C 40. D
Section III Translation (10 points)
Directions: Read the following text carefully and translate it into Chinese. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Text In the 1880s, the German Dr. Robert Koch identified the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, and two decades later, French researchers found what they believed to be a cure. But it was not until 1921 that the first truly effective cure, developed by French bacteriologists Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, was made available. The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, as it came to be known, has since saved tens of millions of lives. But the story of BCG is not one of unbroken success. The vaccine's effectiveness varies widely, from 0% in some parts of India to 80% in the UK. And in some cases, it can cause severe side effects, including death. Despite these drawbacks, BCG remains the world's only approved vaccine against tuberculosis.
参考译文： 19世纪80年代，德国的罗伯特·科赫博士发现了导致结核病的细菌，二十年后，法国研究人员找到了一种他们认为是治愈该疾病的方法，直到1921年，由法国细菌学家阿尔贝·卡默特和卡米耶·介兰研制的第一种真正有效的疗法才得以问世，这种后来被称为“卡介苗”（BCG）的疫苗，自此以来已拯救了数千万人的生命，但卡介苗的故事并非一帆风顺，该疫苗的效果差异很大，在印度某些地区有效率为0%，而在英国则高达80%，在某些情况下，它还可能引起严重的副作用，甚至导致死亡，尽管存在这些缺点,卡介苗仍然是全球唯一获批使用的结核病疫苗。
Section IV Writing (20 points)
Part A (10 points)
Directions: Suppose you are a student of a university. Write an email to the president of the university to make a suggestion on how to improve the canteen service. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.
参考范文： Dear Mr. President,
I am writing to you as a student to offer some suggestions for improving our university canteen service.
Firstly, it would be beneficial to diversify the menu. Introducing more options, such as vegetarian dishes and regional cuisines, would cater to different dietary needs and tastes. Secondly, extending the opening hours, especially on weekends, would better accommodate students with busy schedules.
I believe these changes would significantly enhance our dining experience and overall satisfaction on campus.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely, Li Ming
Part B (10 points)
Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should
- describe the picture briefly,
- interpret its intended meaning, and
- give your comments.
图片描述： 图片中，一位导师（mentor）和一位年轻学生（apprentice/young learner）共同站在一幅画前，导师指着画，似乎在讲解，而学生则满怀敬佩地看着导师，并模仿导师的姿态，画板上画着一个正在吹长笛的人,象征着艺术或技能的传承。
参考范文： As is vividly depicted in the picture, a mentor is instructing a young apprentice who is earnestly imitating his master's gesture while looking at a painting of a flute player. The scene beautifully captures a moment of knowledge and skill being passed down from one generation to the next.
The intended meaning of the picture is profound. It highlights the indispensable role of mentorship in learning and development. The mentor represents guidance, experience, and wisdom, while the apprentice symbolizes the desire to learn and grow. This intergenerational transmission of knowledge is the cornerstone of human civilization, enabling progress and innovation to occur.
In my opinion, mentorship is more relevant than ever in today's fast-paced world. While technology provides access to information, it cannot replace the personalized guidance and inspiration that a good mentor offers. We should all strive to be both good students and mentors, ensuring that valuable skills and wisdom are carried forward.
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